Examination -consistency -bony hard -painless- if tender ?malignant change -around metaphyseal region -look for compressive effects -nerve -numbness distally -vessels - pulses -tendons - ROM adjacent joint -look for other exostosis
Common Qs: 1.What is exostosis -osteochondroma -benign cartilage tumor arising from epiphyseal-metaphyseal region -due to ?developmental disorder
2.How to diagnose ? need biopsy? -clinical & radiological - typical -biopsy - not needed
3.What are the radiological changes? -usually pedunculated bonymass with cartilage cap -arise from metaphysis -has common medullary canal, cortex is continuous
4.Types? -pedunculated -sessile
5.Can turn malignant? what type of Ca? -Yes, single - 1% ,multiple -10% -Chondrosarcoma.
6.Symptoms and signs of malignant change? -Suddenly becomes : painful , increase in size progressively, compressive effect.
7.any investigation can be done ? -Yes, MRI - see size of cartilage cap. >2.5 cm.
8.Treatment -small & asymptomatic - leave alone -cosmetically not acceptable, pain or presence of compressive effects: excision.